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Comparing the Types of CNC Machines
Apr 08, 2019
The 3 basic CNC machines include, milling, lathe, and grinding varieties. Each varies in application but all are useful.
There are standard types of CNC (computer numerical control) machines:
CNC milling machine
CNC lathe machine
CNC grinding machine
Each variety has a specific, unique function, though there is some overlap, for example between plasma-cutting and laser-cutting machines. Below we’ll review each type of CNC machine, how they work, and suitable applications.
CNC Milling Machines
CNC milling machines use clamps to hold a workpiece--the block of metal or other material to be shaped--in place while a spinning blade or drill bit cuts and shapes it. The blades usually move on a minimum of three axes, but can use up to six. Milling machines can be used for a variety of applications and are one of the most common types of CNC tools.
CNC Lathe Machines
CNC lathe machines rotate a workpiece while a stationary blade moves around it making cuts in the appropriate spots. The blade is moved attached to a mobile robotic arm that moves with an extreme level of accuracy. Due to the spinning action of the workpiece, this type of machine is ideal for machining roughly cylindrical shaped objects.
Together, a lathe and mill create a solid base for almost any machine shop, while the rest of the machines on this list are more suitable for specialized applications. For information on mills and lathes, read our other blog that compares the two.
CNC Grinding Machines
CNC grinding machines use a variety of spinning attachments to quickly grind a metal workpiece and roughly shape it as part of the machining process. This is among the least precise of all CNC machines, but plays a useful and a crucial role in many shops.
CNC Machines come in a variety of sizes, applications, and price points, but the above 3 are the main varieties you’ll see in the manufacturing or fabrication industries. Mills and lathes are the most popular options, while EDM, grinding, laser, and plasma varieties are typically used for more niche applications. As CNC technology continues to evolve, this list will surely expand, offering greater diversity and speed of application.
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